Installation automatisé de Debian 10
Prérequis
Il nous faut les deux paquets suivant :
- xorriso : extraction de l'iso
- genisoimage : création de l'iso personnalisé
apt update && apt -y install xorriso genisoimageDownload de l'image Debian
curl -LO# https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd/debian-10.8.0-amd64-netinst.isoExtraction de l'ISO
xorriso -osirrox on -indev debian-10.8.0-amd64-netinst.iso -extract / isofiles/Download du tamplate de pré configuration
curl -#L https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/example-preseed.txt -o preseed.cfgConfiguration du fichier de pré configuration
Les locales
#### Contents of the preconfiguration file (for buster)
### Localization
# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
# The values can also be preseeded individually for greater flexibility.
#d-i debian-installer/language string en
#d-i debian-installer/country string NL
#d-i debian-installer/locale string en_GB.UTF-8
# Optionally specify additional locales to be generated.
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect en_US.UTF-8, fr_FR.UTF-8
# Keyboard selection.
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select fr(latin9)
# d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No togglingLe réseau
Dans mon cas, je laisse en mode DHCP pour IPv4 et IPv6 et le système va choisir de lui même son interface IP.
Il est possible d'attribuer des IP fixes.
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string Nom de la machine
d-i netcfg/get_domain string Votre.Domaine
Si le réseau est configuré en IPv6, le nom de la machine sera son adresse IP, pour y remédier, il faut forcer le nom sur cette ligne
d-i netcfg/hostname string Nom de la machine
### Network configuration
# Disable network configuration entirely. This is useful for cdrom
# installations on non-networked devices where the network questions,
# warning and long timeouts are a nuisance.
#d-i netcfg/enable boolean false
# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
# To pick a particular interface instead:
#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1
# To set a different link detection timeout (default is 3 seconds).
# Values are interpreted as seconds.
#d-i netcfg/link_wait_timeout string 10
# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for
# it, this might be useful.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
#d-i netcfg/dhcpv6_timeout string 60
# If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and
# the static network configuration below.
#d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
# If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and
# without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network
# configuration below.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually
# Static network configuration.
#
# IPv4 example
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
#
# IPv6 example
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string fc00::2
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string fc00::1
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string fc00::1
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over
# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions
# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string install
d-i netcfg/get_domain string lab.lan
# If you want to force a hostname, regardless of what either the DHCP
# server returns or what the reverse DNS entry for the IP is, uncomment
# and adjust the following line.
d-i netcfg/hostname string install
# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish
# If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can
# configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or
# change to false to disable asking.
#d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true
### Network console
# Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console
# component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you
# intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.
#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console
#d-i network-console/authorized_keys_url string http://10.0.0.1/openssh-key
#d-i network-console/password password r00tme
#d-i network-console/password-again password r00tmeConsole réseau
Partitionnement
Post installation
Pour mes besoins je dois installer l'agent zabbix.
# script post install
d-i preseed/late_command string \
in-target wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.0/debian/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.0-1+buster_all.deb; \
in-target dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.0-1+buster_all.deb; \
in-target apt update; \
in-target apt install -y zabbix-agentCréation de l'ISO personnalisé
Modification du boot loader
Cette modification permet de ne pas avoir le menu de sélection et de passer directement sur l'installation automatique
BIOS : isolinux
Modification du fichier isofiles/isolinux/isolinux.cfg en commentant ou enlevant la ligne default vesamenu.c32
UEFI : grub
Modification non faite, car je suis en vm
Ajout du fichier de pré configuration dans initrd
chmod +w -R isofiles/install.amd/
gunzip isofiles/install.amd/initrd.gz
echo preseed.cfg | cpio -H newc -o -A -F isofiles/install.amd/initrd gzip isofiles/install.amd/initrd
chmod -w -R isofiles/install.amd/Génération du checksum MD5
cd isofiles/
chmod a+w md5sum.txt
md5sum `find -follow -type f` > md5sum.txt
chmod a-w md5sum.txt
cd ..Création de l'ISO
chmod a+w isofiles/isolinux/isolinux.bin
genisoimage -r -J -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o debian-10-unattended.iso isofiles